Figure 4.

DNA binding activity of AP-1: hypothermia versus normothermia. (a) DNA-binding activity of AP-1, as measured by EMSA and confirmed by supershift in the myocardium, in pigs operated on under moderate hypothermia (28°C; circles) or normothermia (37°C; squares). The time points of evaluation were as follows: 1 = before CPB; 2 = before aortic cross clamping; 3 = before removal of aortic clamp; and 4 = 6 hours after CPB. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. ^§P < 0.1, **P < 0.05, versus prebypass value in normothermia group; ^§P < 0.1, *P < 0.05 between both groups. (b) Example gel showing the effect of temperature during CPB on activation of AP-1, as detected by EMSA and confirmed by supershift, with anti-c-Jun antibody in pigs operated on under hypothermia (28°C) or normothermia (37°C). Results are representative of four independent experiments in each group. AP, activating protein; CNT, count/mm²; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay; NS, nonspecific; PC, positive control.