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Grading of recommendations and evidence. |
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| Grading of recommendations |
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| A |
Supported by at least two level I investigations |
| B |
Supported by one level I investigation |
| C |
Supported by level II investigations only |
| D |
Supported by at least one level III investigation |
| E |
Supported by level IV and V evidence |
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| Grading of evidence |
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| I |
Large randomized trials with clear-cut results; low risk of false-positive (alpha) error or false-negative (beta) error |
| II |
Small randomized trials with uncertain results; moderate-to-high risk of false-positive (alpha) error and/or false-negative (beta) error |
| III |
Nonrandomized, contemporaneous controls |
| IV |
Nonrandomized, historical controls and expert opinion |
| V |
Case series, uncontrolled studies, and expert opinion |
Vincent et al. Critical Care 2006 10:R120 doi:10.1186/cc5026 |
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