Table 1

Demographic distribution and outcomes of study participants
Category
 n (%)
 Acute organ failure within 3 years (%)
 Death within 3 years (%)
Age group


     44–49
 4,106 (26.7)
 0.4
 1.1
     50–54
 4,007 (26.0)
 0.6
 1.0
     55–59
 3,761 (24.4)
 0.9
 2.3
     60–66
 3,534 (22.9)
 1.8
 4.0
Sex


     Male
 6,918 (44.9)
 1.1
 2.7
     Female
 8,490 (55.1)
 0.6
 1.5
Race


     White
 11,365 (73.8)
 0.9
 1.6
     Black
 4,043 (26.2)
 0.7
 3.2
Smoking status


     Current smoker
 4,394 (28.5)
 1.2
 3.4
     Former smoker
 4,964 (32.2)
 0.9
 1.8
     Never smoker
 6,050 (39.3)
 0.6
 1.3
Diabetes mellitus


     Yes
 1,830 (11.9)
 2.4
 5.4
     No
 13,578 (88.1)
 0.7
 1.6
Body mass index


     <20
 506 (3.3)
 1.4
 3.0
     20–24
 4,610 (29.9)
 0.9
 2.0
     25–29
 6,058 (39.3)
 0.8
 1.9
     ≥30
 4,234 (27.5)
 0.9
 2.2
Education level


     <12 years
 3,646 (23.7)
 1.4
 3.6
     12 years
 4,991 (32.4)
 0.6
 1.9
     ≥12 years
 6,771 (43.9)
 0.7
 1.3
GOLD categorya


     GOLD 3 or 4
 280 (1.8)
 5.4
 8.6
     GOLD 2
 1,469 (9.5)
 1.9
 4.1
     GOLD 1
 1,677 (10.9)
 0.9
 2.0
     GOLD 0
 2,170 (14.1)
 1.2
 2.2
     Restricted
 1,295 (8.4)
 1.4
 3.9
     Normal
 8,517 (55.3)
 0.4
 1.1
Total
 15,408
 0.9
 2.0

Data are taken from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study 1986–1989 and follow-up. FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity. aModified Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 3 or 4 (FEV1/FVC < 0.70 and FEV1 < 50% predicted), GOLD stage 2 (FEV1/FVC < 0.70 and FEV1 ≥ 50 to < 80% predicted), GOLD stage 1 (FEV1/FVC < 0.70 and FEV1 ≥ 80%), restricted (FEV1/FVC ≥ 0.70 and FVC < 80% predicted), GOLD stage 0 (presence of respiratory symptoms in the absence of any lung function abnormality). All lung function measurements were pre-bronchodilator values.

Slynkova et al. Critical Care 2006 10:R137   doi:10.1186/cc5051