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American College of Surgeons Advanced Trauma Life Support classification of haemorrhage severity |
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| Haemorrhage severity according to ACS/ATLS classificationa |
Class I |
Class II |
Class III |
Class IV |
|
|
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| Blood loss (ml) |
<750 |
750–1,500 |
1,500–2,000 |
>2,000 |
| Pulse rate (per minute) |
<100 |
>100 |
>120 |
>140 |
| Blood pressure |
Normal |
Normal |
Decreased |
Decreased |
| Pulse pressure (mm Hg) |
Normal |
Decreased |
Decreased |
Decreased |
| Respiratory rate (per minute) |
14–20 |
20–30 |
30–40 |
>40 |
| Urine output (ml/hour) |
>30 |
20–30 |
5–15 |
Negligible |
| Central nervous system (mental status) |
Slightly anxious |
Mildly anxious |
Anxious, confused |
Lethargic |
|
aValues are estimated for a 70-kg adult. Table reprinted with permission from the American College of Surgeons [26]. ACS/ATLS, American College of Surgeons/Advanced Trauma Life Support. | ||||
Spahn et al. Critical Care 2007 11:R17 doi:10.1186/cc5686 |
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