Figure 1.

Assignment of animals to different basic conditions and catheter groups. (a) This schematic diagram shows the steps taken to form a clinically relevant range of hemorheological and hemodynamic conditions. Immature pigs provide a wide range of conditions because of their species-related physiological development and growth characteristics. Induction of anesthesia leads to transient lactate acidosis and increased lactate levels in the blood for up to several hours. Volume substitutes were chosen to correspond to the most commonly used and most controversial solutions. (b) Diagram of the type of dual-lumen catheter used in this study. ALB, human albumin; CO, cardiac output; COP, colloid osmotic pressure; GEL, gelatin; HES, hydroxyethyl starch; NaCl, normal saline; P_Qa, pressure of access flow; Qb, blood flow; TMP, transmembrane pressure.