Table 1

Drugs having 'membrane stabilising activity' with the potential for severe cardiotoxicity depending on dose

Anti-arrhythmics class I Vaughan Williams

Flecainide, disopyramide, cibenzoline, propafenone, quinidine, lidocaine, procainamide

Beta-blockers

Propranolol, acebutolol, nadoxolol, pindolol, penbutolol, labetalol, oxprenolol

Polycyclic antidepressants

Imipramine, desipramine, amitritptyline, clomipramine, dosulepin, doxepin, maprotiline

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Include venlafaxine, citalopram

Dopamine and norepinephrine uptake inhibitors

Include bupropion

Anti-epileptics

Include carbamazepine, phenytoin

Phenothiazines

Include thioridazine

Opioids

Include dextropropoxyphene

Antimalarial agents

Include chloroquine and quinine

Anaesthetic-recreational agents

Include cocaine

Baud et al. Critical Care 2007 11:207   doi:10.1186/cc5700