Table 1 |
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Major syndromes and causes of hyperthermia due to toxicity |
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| Major syndromes |
Implicated drugs |
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| Adrenergic fever |
Phenethylamines such as amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA; cocaine and MAO inhibitors |
| Antidopaminergic fever (NMS) |
Phenothiazines, butyrophenones; atypical neuroleptics such as olanzapine and clozapine;
metoclopramide and promethazine; acute withdrawal of anti-Parkinsonian agents |
| Anticholinergic fever |
Antispasmodics, antihistamines, anti-ulcer and anti-Parkinsonian drugs, neuroleptics
or ingredients of plants (for example, belladonna alkaloids) and mushrooms |
| Serotonin syndrome |
Drugs increasing serotonin-concentration in the CNS; combination of drugs (for example,
MAO inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants); other drugs, including dextrometorphan,
meperidine, L-dopa, bromocriptine, tramadol, lithium and the MAO inhibitor linezolid |
| Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation |
PCP and salicylates |
| Malignant hyperthermia |
Volatile anesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants |
| Drug induced fever |
Anticonvulsants, minocycline, antimicrobial agents, allopurinol, and heparin; virtually
any drug capable of causing fever via hypersensitivity mechanism |
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CNS, central nervous system; MAO, monoamine oxidase; MDMA, 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine; NMS, neuroleptic malignant syndrome; PCP, pentachlorphenol. |
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Eyer and Zilker Critical Care 2007 11:236 doi:10.1186/cc6177 |
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