Table 6 |
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|
Comparison of the techniques and agents used for analgesia and sedation in 2002 and 2006 |
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|
More than 72 hours |
Weaning |
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|
|
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|
Percentage (95% CI) |
P value |
Percentage (95% CI) |
P value |
|||
|
|
||||||
|
Year |
2002 n = 220 |
2006 n = 214 |
2002 n = 220 |
2006 n = 214 |
||
|
Midazolam |
90.5 (86.4 to 94.5) |
92.1 (88.3 to 95.8) |
0.4 |
34.1 (23.4 to 44.8) |
32.2 (21.2 to 43.3) |
0.06 |
|
Propofol |
26.4 (15.0 to 37.7) |
22.9 (11.1 to 34.7) |
0.2 |
72.3 (65.3 to 79.3) |
75.2 (68.6 to 81.9) |
0.3 |
|
Remifentanil |
1.4 (-11.8 to 14.5) |
3.7 (-9.4 to 16.9) |
0.06 |
5.9 (-6.9 to 18.7) |
15.0 (2.6 to 27.3) |
<0.001 |
|
Fentanyl |
65.0 (57.2 to 72.8) |
53.7 (44.6 to 62.9) |
<0.001 |
30.0 (19.0 to 41.0) |
21.5 (9.6 to 33.4) |
0.002 |
|
Sufentanil |
43.6 (33.7 to 3.5) |
51.4 (42.1 to 0.7) |
0.02 |
41.8 (31.8 to 51.9) |
49.5 (40.0 to 9.1) |
0.02 |
|
Piritramide |
9.1 (-3.5 to 21.7) |
7.9 (-4.9 to 20.8) |
0.5 |
25.5 (14.1 to 36.9) |
24.3 (12.6 to 36.0) |
0.7 |
|
Morphine |
7.3 (-5.5 to 20.0) |
9.8 (-2.9 to 22.5) |
0.2 |
8.6 (-4.0 to 21.3) |
9.4 (-3.4 to 22.1) |
0.7 |
|
PCA |
9.5 (-3.0 to 22.1) |
7.0 (-5.9 to 19.9) |
0.5 |
(-0.1 to 24.7) |
12.2 (-0.4 to 24.7) |
0.9 |
|
Ketamine (S) |
19.1 (13.6 to 36.4) |
19.6 (7.6 to 31.6) |
0.7 |
5.0 (-7.9 to 17.9) |
4.2 (-8.9 to 17.3) |
0.7 |
|
Clonidine |
56.4 (47.7 to 65.1) |
52.8 (43.6 to 62.0) |
0.3 |
62.7 (54.6 to 70.8) |
58.9 (50.3 to 67.5) |
0.5 |
|
NSAIDs |
10.5 (-2.1 to 23.0) |
10.3 (-2.4 to 22.9) |
0.9 |
14.1 (1.8 to 26.3) |
19.2 (7.1 to 31.2) |
0.06 |
|
NMBAs |
0.0 |
n.c. |
n.c. |
0.0 |
n.c. |
n.c. |
|
PNB |
10.0 (-2.5 to 22.5) |
14.5 (2.1 to 26.9) |
0.6 |
7.7 (-5.0 to 20.4) |
13.6 (1.1 to 26.0) |
0.01 |
|
PCEA |
4.1 (-8.9 to 17.0) |
3.7 (-9.4 to 16.9) |
0.8 |
4.6 (-8.4 to 17.5) |
5.6 (-7.4 to 18.6) |
0.5 |
|
Epidural |
45.9 (36.2 to 5.6) |
56.5 (47.7 to 5.4) |
<0.005 |
42.3 (32.2 to 52.3) |
52.8 (43.6 to 62.0) |
<0.005 |
|
|
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|
The chi-square test was used to calculate p values. CI, confidence interval; n, number of positive answers; n.c., not calculated; NMBAs, neuromuscular blocking agents; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PCA, patient-controlled analgesia; PCEA, patient-controlled epidural analgesia; PNB, peripheral nerve block. |
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|
Martin et al. Critical Care 2007 11:R124 doi:10.1186/cc6189 |
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