Table 1

Human studies

Study
Cause
Acute kidney injury definition
Method
Cases of AKI/number of patients (%)
Acute tubular necrosis (%)

Hotchkiss and colleagues [10]
Sepsis/septic shock
Serum creatinine >2 mg/dl and urine output <20 ml/kg/hour × 6 hours
Postmortem
12/20 (60)
1 (5)
Sato and colleagues [13]
Sepsis
Not available
Postmortem
6/6 (100)
1 (17)
Mustonen and colleagues [9]
Sepsis/shock/hypovolemia
Not available
Biopsy
57/57 (100)
4 (7)
Rosenberg and colleagues [12]
Sepsis
Serum creatinine >3.5 mg/dl and urine/plasma osmolality >1
Biopsy
1/1 (100)
0 (0)
Zappacosta and Ashby [14]
Sepsis
Not available
Biopsy
1/1 (100)
0 (0)
Diaz de Leon and colleagues [11]
Severe sepsis
Serum creatinine, urine output, urine/plasma osmolality (not specified)
Biopsy
107/332 (32)
20 (50)a

aRenal biopsy was only performed in 40 patients (37% of the acute kidney injury (AKI) cohort, 12% of the total cohort).

Langenberg et al. Critical Care 2008 12:R38   doi:10.1186/cc6823