Table 3 |
|
|
Characteristics of patients experiencing serious bleeding events |
|
|
Characteristics |
Admissions experiencing serious bleeding events (n = 80) |
|
|
|
|
Site of serious bleeding event (n [%]) |
|
|
Gastrointestinal |
29 (33.7) |
|
Skin or soft tissue |
19 (22.1) |
|
Intra-abdominal |
9 (10.5) |
|
Intracranial |
7 (8.1) |
|
Intrathoracic |
5 (5.8) |
|
Genitourinary |
3 (3.5) |
|
Retroperitoneal |
0 (0.0) |
|
Other (source identified)a |
6 (7.0) |
|
Other (source unidentified) |
5 (5.8) |
|
Age (years; mean ± SD) |
58.5 (14.9) |
|
APACHE II score (mean ± SD) |
|
|
Acute physiology score |
19.6 (7.5) |
|
Score |
22.9 (7.6) |
|
ICNARC model physiology score (mean ± SD) |
30.5 (8.3) |
|
Serious conditions in past medical historyb (n [%]) |
|
|
Liver |
1 (1.3) |
|
Cardiovascular |
0 (0.0) |
|
Respiratory |
0 (0.0) |
|
Renal |
1 (1.3) |
|
Immunosuppressed |
4 (5.0) |
|
Admission typec (n [%]) |
|
|
Medical |
55 (68.8) |
|
Elective surgical |
3 (3.8) |
|
Emergency surgical |
22 (27.5) |
|
Organ systems failing during first 24 hours of stay in critical care (n [%]) |
|
|
Cardiovascular |
79 (98.8) |
|
Respiratory |
72 (90.0) |
|
Renal |
32 (40.5) |
|
Haematological |
28 (35.0) |
|
Metabolic acidosis |
68 (85.0) |
|
Number of organ systems failing during first 24 hours of stay in critical care (n [%]) |
|
|
<2 |
1 (1.3) |
|
2 |
5 (6.3) |
|
3 |
38 (47.5) |
|
4 |
26 (32.5) |
|
5 |
10 (12.5) |
|
Primary site of infectiond (n [%]) |
|
|
Lung |
20 (27.0) |
|
Abdomen |
33 (44.6) |
|
Urinary tract |
5 (6.8) |
|
Other |
16 (21.6) |
|
Positive blood culturee (n [%]) |
26 (36.1) |
|
Organisms cultured (n [%]) |
|
|
Any |
52 (65.8) |
|
Gram-negative |
22 (42.3) |
|
Gram-positive |
26 (50.0) |
|
Fungus |
12 (23.1) |
|
Mortality (n [%]) |
|
|
Unit |
31 (3 8.8) |
|
Hospitalf |
39 (48.8) |
|
Location at 28 days (n [%]) |
|
|
Died |
30 (37.5) |
|
Unit |
22 (27.5) |
|
Hospital |
22 (27.5) |
|
Out of Hospitalf |
6 (7.5) |
|
Unit length of stay (days; median [IQR]) |
|
|
Unit survivors |
20.7 (12.7–28.5) |
|
Unit non-survivors |
9.8 (5.9–23.9) |
|
Hospitalg length of stay (days; median [IQR]) |
|
|
Hospital survivors |
60 (43–105) |
|
Hospital nonsurvivors |
19 (8–32) |
|
|
|
|
aOther (source identified) was four from the oral/nasal cavity and two from the lungs/trachea. bEvidence defined as follows, during prior 6 months (except those terms highlighted with asterisk, which are not restricted to the preceding 6 months): liver (biopsy proven cirrhosis, portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy); cardiovascular (very severe cardiovascular disease [New York Heart Association functional classification IV]); respiratory (severe respiratory disease [shortness of breath with light activity, for example walking 20 m on level ground], home ventilation); renal (chronic renal replacement therapy for irreversible renal disease); immunosuppressed (AIDS*, steroid treatment [daily], radiotherapy, chemotherapy, metastatic disease, acute myelogenous/lymphocytic leukaemia or multiple myeloma, chronic myelogenous/lymphocytic leukaemia, lymphoma, congenital immunohumoral or cellular immune deficiency state*). cSurgical admissions are defined as those admitted directly to the unit from theatre and recovery. dPrimary site of infection was not reported for six (7.5%) admissions. eA blood culture was reported as not done for six (7.5%) admissions. fDischarged alive from acute hospital at or before 28 days. gExcluding readmissions within the same hospital stay. APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; ICNARC, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation. |
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Rowan et al. Critical Care 2008 12:R58 doi:10.1186/cc6879 |
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