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Variables associated with 30-day mortality after VAP diagnosis in univariate analysis (n = 192)* |
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| Characteristics |
Nonsurvivors (n = 47) |
Survivors (n = 145) |
p value |
|
|
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| Demographics |
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| Age |
62 ± 14 |
58 ± 17 |
0.12 |
| Male gender |
14 (30%) |
40 (28%) |
0.71 |
| Characteristics before VAP |
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| Charlson index |
2 (1 to 3) |
1 (0 to 3) |
0.01 |
| APACHE II on ICU admission |
20 ± 8 |
21 ± 9 |
0.87 |
| Shock on ICU admission |
26 (55%) |
50 (35%) |
0.016 |
| ARDS |
21 (45%) |
33 (23%) |
0.005 |
| RRT before VAP |
17 (36%) |
15 (10%) |
< 0.001 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation before VAP, days |
9 (5 to 16) |
7 (3 to 14) |
0.14 |
| Number of infectious episodes before VAP |
1 (1 to 1) |
1 (1 to 1) |
0.243 |
| SOFA 2 days before VAP |
7 (5 to 9) |
5 (3 to 7) |
0.001 |
| Characteristics at diagnosis of VAP |
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| SOFA at VAP |
9 (5 to 11) |
5 (4 to 8) |
< 0.001 |
| Delta SOFA□ |
1 (0 to 4) |
0 (-1 to 1) |
< 0.001 |
| VAP with shock |
19 (40%) |
22(15%) |
< 0.001 |
| Microbial aetiology of VAP |
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| MDR aetiology |
19 (40%) |
33 (23%) |
0.02 |
| Gram-negative aetiology |
40 (85%) |
122 (84%) |
0.39 |
| Enterobacteriaceae |
24 (62%) |
70 (48%) |
0.71 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
12 (26%) |
39 (27%) |
0.84 |
| Non-fermenter other than P. aeruginosa |
3 (6%) |
2 (1%) |
0.006 |
| Other Gram-negative† |
1(2%) |
11 (8%) |
0.001 |
| Gram-positive aetiology |
7(15%) |
23(16%) |
0.39 |
| Staphylococcus aureus |
7 (15%) |
18 (12%) |
0.37 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae |
0 |
5 (4%) |
0.01 |
| Subsequent VAP |
4 (9%) |
30(21%) |
0.08 |
| Treatment characteristics |
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| Appropriate therapy < 24 hours¶ |
38 (83%) |
125(86%) |
0.63 |
| Appropriate therapy < 48 hours¶ |
43 (94%) |
135 (93%) |
0.99 |
|
*Data are presented as mean (± SD), median (25th to 75th percentile) or number (%). □Delta SOFA: SOFA two days after VAP minus SOFA two days before VAP. † Other Gram-negative: Haemophilus. influenzae in 11, Moraxella catarrhalis in 1. ¶Data about antibiotic therapy were available in 187 patients (50 nonsurvivors and 137 survivors). APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; MDR, Multidrug-resistant; RRT, Renal Replacement Therapy; SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment; VAP, Ventilator-associated Pneumonia. | |||
Depuydt et al. Critical Care 2008 12:R142 doi:10.1186/cc7119 |
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