Table 4

Characteristics of ICU survivors and non-survivors (univariate analysis).

Characteristics
ICU
Survivors
(n = 18,298)
ICU
Non-survivors
(n = 4005)
Odds ratio
(95% CI)
p





n
%
N
%



Male gender
11,265
61.6
2441
60.9
0.97 (0.91 to 1.05)
0.48
Mean age in years (95% CI)
60.3 (60.1 to 60.6)

63.5 (63.0 to 63.95)


< 0.0001
Median APACHE II score at admission to ICU (range)
13 (0 to 49)

21 (0 to 52)


< 0.0001
Median SOFA score on admission to ICU (range)
5 (0 to 20)

8 (0 to 22)


< 0.0001
Degree of maximum renal dysfunction
No AKI
12,857
70.3
1,548
38.7
0.55 (0.53 to 0.57)
< 0.0001
AKI I
3403
18.6
856
21.4
1.15 (1.08 to 1.23)
< 0.0001
AKI II
635
3.5
222
5.5
1.60 (1.38 to 1.85)
< 0.0001
AKI III
1403
7.7
1379
34.4
4.49 (4.20 to 4.80)
< 0.0001
Type of admission
Non-surgical
9236
50.5
2873
71.7
2.49 (2.31 to 2.68)
< 0.0001
Elective surgery
6328
34.6
477
11.9
0.26 (0.23 to 0.28)
< 0.0001
Emergency surgery
2734
14.9
655
16.4
1.11 (1.01 to 1.22)
0.026
Source of admission
Operating room
8561
46.8
1072
26.8


Emergency room
3413
18.7
750
18.7


Ward (including HDU)
3845
21.0
1574
39.3


Hospital transfers
1894
10.4
531
13.3


Recovery room
543
3.0
62
1.5


Other
42
0.2
16
0.4


Chronic end-stage diseases
Present
3225
17.6
1,148
28.7
1.88 (1.74 to 2.03)
< 0.0001
Haemoglobin on admission to ICU
Haemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dl
15,846
86.6
3238
80.8


Haemoglobin < 9 g/dl
2452
13.4
767
19.2
1.53 (1.40 to 1.67)
< 0.0001
Cardiac surgery *
Admission post cardiac surgery
2507
13.7
244
6.1
0.41 (0.36 to 0.47)
< 0.0001
Mechanical ventilation
Ventilated
11,274
61.6
3658
91.3
6.57 (5.86 to 7.36)
< 0.0001
Renal replacement therapy
RRT for AKI
848
4.6
999
24.9
5.38 (4.94 to 5.86)
< 0.0001
Number of failed organs on day of admission to ICU
0 failed organ
9210
50.3
704
17.6
0.21 (0.19 to 0.23)
< 0.0001
1 failed organ
6561
35.9
1455
36.3
1.02 (0.95 to 1.10)
0.58
2 failed organs
2068
11.3
1164
29.1
3.22 (2.96 to 3.49)
< 0.0001
≥ 3 failed organs
459
2.5
682
17.0
7.98 (7.05 to 9.03)
< 0.0001
Maximum number of associated organ failures during entire ICU stay (including AKI)
0 failed organ
5653
30.9
96
2.4
0.05 (0.04 to 0.07)
< 0.0001
1 failed organ
6110
33.4
459
11.5
0.26 (0.23 to 0.29)
< 0.0001
2 failed organs
4053
22.1
993
24.8
1.16 (1.07 to 1.26)
0.0003
3 failed organs
1933
10.6
1350
33.7
4.31 (3.97 to 4.67)
< 0.0001
> 3 failed organs
549
3.0
1107
27.6
12.35 (11.07 to 13.78)
< 0.0001

* coronary artery bypass surgery and/or valve surgery.

AKI = acute kidney injury; APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CI = confidence interval; HDU = high dependency unit; ICU = intensive care unit; RRT = renal replacement therapy; SOFA score = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.

Ostermann et al. Critical Care 2008 12:R144   doi:10.1186/cc7123