Table 4 |
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Univariate analysis of risk factors for CIP/CIM and prolonged mechanical ventilation |
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|
CIP/CIM Total population, n = 620 |
Prolonged mechanical ventilation Total population, n = 541 |
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|
|
|
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|
CIP/CIM n = 345 |
No CIP/CIM n = 275 |
p- value |
Prolonged mechanical ventilation |
No prolonged mechanical ventilation |
p- value |
|
|
|
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|
Therapy |
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|
|
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|
IIT total n (%) |
220/345 (63.8) |
232/275 (84.4) |
< 0.0001 |
259/343 (75.5) |
140/198 (70.7) |
0.2 |
|
Baseline |
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|
|
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|
Male/female sex, n (%) |
239/345 (69.3) |
171/275 (62.2) |
0.06 |
242/343 (70.6) |
118/198 (59.6) |
0.009 |
|
Age, years (mean ± SD) |
62 ± 14 |
63 ± 15 |
0.4 |
62 ± 14 |
64 ± 15 |
0.2 |
|
ICU type (MICU, %) |
87/345 (25.2) |
57/275 (20.7) |
0.2 |
57/343 (16.6) |
65/198 (32.8) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Baseline APACHE II, median (IQR) |
15 (11 to 22) |
15 (11 to 22) |
0.4 |
15 (12 to 22) |
16 (11 to 23) |
0.7 |
|
On admission blood glucose, mg/dl median (IQR) |
137 (109 to 174) |
139 (112 to 181) |
0.5 |
139 (111 to 175) |
139 (113 to 183) |
0.6 |
|
On admission mechanical ventilation, total n (%) |
298/306 (97.4) |
237/247 (96.0) |
0.3 |
332/341 (97.4) |
185/194 (95.4) |
0.2 |
|
Diagnostic group, total n (%) of the category |
0.3 |
0.4 |
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|
Abdominal/gastrointestinal/liver |
39/71 (54.9) |
32/71 (45.1) |
45/67 (67.2) |
22/67 (32.8) |
||
|
Cardiovascular |
91/171 (53.2) |
80/171 (46.8) |
111/165(67.3) |
54/165 (32.7) |
||
|
Cerebral/neurological |
26/60 (43.3) |
34/60 (56.7) |
34/53 (64.2) |
19/53 (35.8) |
||
|
Haematological/oncologic/transplant |
15/31 (48.4) |
16/31 (51.6) |
19/27 (70.4) |
8/27 (29.6) |
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|
Other |
42/73 (57.5) |
31/173 (42.5) |
38/70 (54.3) |
32/70 (45.7) |
||
|
Polytrauma |
221/37 (59.5) |
15/37 (40.5) |
22/32 (68.8) |
10/32 (31.2) |
||
|
Respiratory/thoracic |
85/136 (62.5) |
51/136 (37.5) |
74/127 (58.3) |
53/127 (41.7) |
||
|
History of diabetes, total n (%) |
0.2 |
0.7 |
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|
Insulin treated |
21/317 (6.6) |
16/254 (6.3) |
25/343 (7.3) |
11/198 (5.6) |
||
|
Oral antidiabetic treatment and/or diet |
22/317 (6.9) |
20/254 (7.9) |
24/343 (7.0) |
15/198 (7.6) |
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|
Known risk factors |
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|
|
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|
Treatment with noradrenaline |
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|
Treated patients, total n (%) |
232/301 (77.1) |
197/240 (82.1) |
0.2 |
289/343 (84.3) |
129/198 (65.2) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Number of days treatment, median (IQR) |
7(1 to 15) |
6(2 to 13) |
0.4 |
8 (3 to 13) |
3 (0 to 6) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Treatment with aminoglycosides |
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|
Treated patients, total n (%) |
76/301 (25.2) |
51/240 (21.3) |
0.3 |
77/343 (22.4) |
29/198 (14.6) |
0.03 |
|
Number of days treatment, median (IQR) |
0 (0 to 1) |
0 (0 to 0) |
0.5 |
0 (0 to 0) |
0 (0 to 0) |
0.1 |
|
Treatment with glucocorticoids |
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|
Treated patients, total n (%) |
165/301 (54.8) |
129/240(53.8) |
0.8 |
163/343 (47.5) |
100/198 (50.5) |
0.5 |
|
Number of days treatment, median (IQR) |
1 (0 to 12) |
1 (0 to 10) |
0.4 |
0 (0 to 8) |
1 (0 to 7) |
0.9 |
|
Cumulative dose up to time t |
250 (0 to 2500) |
300(0 to 2500) |
0.8 |
0 (0 to 1398) |
31 (0 to 1140) |
0.9 |
|
Treatment with NMBA |
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|
Number of days treatment (≥ 1 bolus or drip), median (IQR) |
2 (1 to 4) |
1 (0 to 4) |
0.06 |
2 (1 to 3) |
1 (0 to 2) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Patients treated prolonged (≥ 3d bolus or drip) total n (%) |
95/301 (31.6) |
71/240(29.6) |
0.6 |
262/343 (76.4)) |
107/198 (54.0) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Dialysis |
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|
yes |
118/301 (39.2) |
72/240 (30.0) |
0.03 |
126/343 (36.7) |
37/198 (18.7) |
< 0.0001 |
|
n days, median (IQR) |
0 (0 to 10) |
0 (0 to 5) |
0.05 |
0 (0 to 6) |
0 (0 to 0) |
0.0001 |
|
Bacteraemia, yes, total n (%) |
113/301 (37.5) |
76/240 (31.7) |
0.2 |
92/343 (26.8) |
32/198 (16.2) |
0.004 |
|
Time to diagnosis, d median (IQR) |
22 (14 to 33) |
18 (11 to 27) |
0.000 7 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Diagnosis of CIP/CIM during ICU stay, total n (%) |
- |
- |
- |
207/343 (60.4) |
94/198 (47.5) |
0.004 |
|
|
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|
APACHE = acute physiology and health evaluation; CIM = critical illness myopathy; CIP = critical illness polyneuropathy; IIT = intensive insulin therapy; IQR = interquartile range; MICU = medical intensive care unit; NMBA = neuromuscular blocking agent; SD = standard deviation. |
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|
Hermans et al. Critical Care 2009 13:R5 doi:10.1186/cc7694 |
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