Table 2

Effects of inhaled activated protein C on lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in systemic and pulmonary haemodynamic variables in sheep.

0 hour

1 hour

2 hours

4 hours

6 hours

PAP, mmHg

Sham

15 ± 1

16 ± 1

16 ± 1

17 ± 1

17 ± 1

LPS

18 ± 0

46 ± 2^a

32 ± 2^a

35 ± 2^a

33 ± 2^a

LPS+inhAPC

17 ± 0

47 ± 2^a

30 ± 1^a

31 ± 1^a

29 ± 1^a

PAOP, mmHg

Sham

7 ± 1

7 ± 1

8 ± 1

8 ± 1

7 ± 1

LPS

9 ± 1

13 ± 1^a

12 ± 1^a

14 ± 1^ab

14 ± 1^ab

LPS+inhAPC

9 ± 1

14 ± 1^a

11 ± 1^a

13 ± 1^a

12 ± 1^a

Pmo, mmHg

Sham

6 ± 1

7 ± 1

7 ± 1

7 ± 1

LPS

9 ± 0

13 ± 1^a

14 ± 1^a

15 ± 1^a

LPS+inhAPC

9 ± 1

13 ± 1

12 ± 1^a

12 ± 1

PVRI, dyne·sec/cm⁵/m²

Sham

144 ± 18

151 ± 25

156 ± 35

173 ± 26

191 ± 18

LPS

179 ± 12

665 ± 107^a

353 ± 49^a

433 ± 64^a

339 ± 56^a

LPS+inhAPC

165 ± 16

563 ± 63^a

351 ± 31^a

379 ± 37^a

350 ± 33^a

HR, beats/min

Sham

102 ± 6

111 ± 6

111 ± 6

107 ± 7

100 ± 8

LPS

100 ± 9

142 ± 15^a

154 ± 11^a

131 ± 10^ab

140 ± 5^a

LPS+inhAPC

93 ± 10

160 ± 16^a

160 ± 15^a

121 ± 4^ab

128 ± 6^ab

CI, L/min/m²

Sham

4.5 ± 0.4

4.6 ± 0.4

4.1 ± 0.2

4.2 ± 0.3

4.3 ± 0.3

LPS

4.0 ± 0.3

5.0 ± 0.9

4.8 ± 0.3

4.6 ± 0.6

4.6 ± 0.4

LPS+inhAPC

4.2 ± 0.3

5.3 ± 0.7

4.7 ± 0.3

4.1 ± 0.2

4.2 ± 0.4

MAP, mmHg

Sham

112 ± 5

118 ± 6

118 ± 6

116 ± 5

112 ± 6

LPS

108 ± 6

102 ± 6

96 ± 6

103 ± 6

93 ± 5

LPS+inhAPC

110 ± 6

110 ± 4

102 ± 5

111 ± 8

108 ± 9

SVRI, dyne·sec/cm⁵/m²

Sham

2068 ± 230

2146 ± 234

2261 ± 179

2251 ± 207

2139 ± 226

LPS

2159 ± 179

2003 ± 466

1577 ± 146

1824 ± 243

1499 ± 154^a

LPS+inhAPC

2151 ± 174

1849 ± 245

1839 ± 179

2188 ± 249

2130 ± 290

RAP, mmHg

Sham

2 ± 1

3 ± 1

3 ± 1

3 ± 1

3 ± 1

LPS

5 ± 1

5 ± 1

5 ± 1

9 ± 1^ab

10 ± 1^ab

LPS+inhAPC

3 ± 0

3 ± 1

3 ± 1

6 ± 1^ab

8 ± 1^ab

LVSWI, g·m/m²

Sham

63 ± 4

72 ± 9

56 ± 4

58 ± 6

60 ± 6

LPS

52 ± 7

42 ± 6

36 ± 5^a

39 ± 3

33 ± 3^a

LPS+inhAPC

66 ± 6

42 ± 4

36 ± 4^a

43 ± 3^a

41 ± 4^a

RVSWI, g·m/m²

Sham

7 ± 1

9 ± 2

6 ± 1

8 ± 1

8 ± 2

LPS

7 ± 1

19 ± 3^a

11 ± 1^a

11 ± 1^a

9 ± 1^a

LPS+inhAPC

9 ± 1

19 ± 2

11 ± 1

12 ± 1

10 ± 1

EVLWI, mL/kg

Sham

10 ± 1

10 ± 0

10 ± 0

10 ± 0

LPS

10 ± 1

11 ± 1

11 ± 0

12 ± 1^a

LPS+inhAPC

9 ± 0

11 ± 1^a

10 ± 1

11 ± 1^a

Data presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean.

CI = cardiac index; EVLWI = extravascular lung water index; HR = heart rate; LPS = sheep receiving infusion of lipopolysaccharide (n = 8); LPS+inhAPC = sheep receiving LPS and inhaled nebulised recombinant human activated protein C (n = 8); LVSWI = left ventricle stroke work index; MAP = mean systemic arterial pressure; PAP = pulmonary artery pressure; PAOP = pulmonary artery occlusion pressure; Pmo = pulmonary micro occlusion pressure; PVRI = pulmonary vascular resistance index; RAP = right atrial pressure; RVSWI = right ventricle stroke work index;Sham = sham operated sheep (n = 8); SVRI = systemic vascular resistance index.

^aP < 0.05 from t = 0 hours; ^bP < 0.05 from t = 2 hours.

Waerhaug et al. Critical Care 2009 13:R51   doi:10.1186/cc7777