Figure 1.

Model Predictive Control (MPC) versus Proportional-Integrate-Derivative (PID) control. When using MPC control, the driver determines ('calculates') his driving strategy before departure after careful investigation of the road. When he uses the correct information (input variables), he stays on the road (yellow car), but small errors in input variables can lead the car in the wrong direction (red and blue cars). The drivers using PID control readjust their driving strategy often by frequently calculating the difference with the 'ideal' track.