Table 1 |
||
|
The β-adrenergic system |
||
|
Target |
Sympathetic receptor |
|
|
|
||
|
Heart |
Cardiac muscle |
β1β2 increases |
|
Heart rate |
β1β2 increases |
|
|
Blood vessels |
Vascular smooth muscle |
β2 relaxes |
|
Smaller coronary arteries |
β2 dilates |
|
|
Hepatic artery |
β2 dilates |
|
|
Arteries to skeletal muscle |
β2 dilates |
|
|
Veins |
β2 dilates |
|
|
Respiratory system |
Smooth muscles of bronchioles |
β2 relaxes |
|
Digestive system |
Smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract |
β2 relaxes |
|
Sphincters of gastrointestinal tract |
β2 contracts |
|
|
Kidney |
β1 enhances renin secretion |
|
|
Liver |
β2 increases glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis |
|
|
Adipose cells |
β1β3 stimulates lipolysis |
|
|
Urinary system |
Detrusor |
β2 relaxes |
|
Sphincter |
β2 relaxes |
|
|
Reproductive system |
Uterus |
β2 relaxes |
|
Nervous system |
Ciliary muscles |
β2 relaxes |
|
|
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|
de Montmollin et al. Critical Care 2009 13:230 doi:10.1186/cc8026 |
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