Table 4 |
||||||||||||
|
Summary of animal trials on intra-arrest hypothermia during cardiac arrest according to method of cooling |
||||||||||||
|
Outcomes |
IATH (%) |
NT (%) |
PATH (%) |
Species |
N |
Arrest |
Rhythm |
No-flow (min) |
HT method |
IATH core temp (°C) |
Time to ROSC (min) |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
SYSTEMIC COOLING |
||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Abella [8] |
Survival (%, 3 days) |
60 |
10* |
10* |
Mice |
30 |
KCl |
NA |
8 |
Ice-water blanket |
30 |
10 to 11 |
|
GNO (%, 3 days) |
60 |
10* |
10* |
|||||||||
|
ROSC (%) |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Albaghdadi [35] |
ROSC (%) |
78 |
45 |
Pigs |
20 |
Asphyxia |
NA |
5 |
PFC-TLV |
36 |
11 to 13 |
|
|
CoPP (mmHg) |
14 |
14 |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Boddicker [28] |
Survival (%, 24 hrs) |
87 |
0* |
Pigs |
32 |
EC |
VF |
8 |
Surrounding the body with ice |
33 |
12 to 18 |
|
|
GNO (%, 24 hrs) |
87 |
0* |
||||||||||
|
ROSC (%) |
87 |
0* |
||||||||||
|
CoPP (mmHg) |
15 |
10 |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Menegazzi [12] |
Survival (%, 20 min) |
57 |
36 |
Pigs |
28 |
EC |
VF |
8 |
ivfluid |
34 |
13 |
|
|
ROSC (%) |
86 |
43* |
||||||||||
|
CoPP (mmHg) |
10 |
11 |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Nordmark [22] |
Survival (3-hrs) |
80 |
100 |
Pigs |
20 |
EC |
VF |
8 |
ivfluid |
36 |
15 to 20 |
|
|
ROSC (%) |
90 |
100 |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Nordmark [25] |
Survival (%, 6 hrs) |
100 |
100 |
Pigs |
16 |
EC |
VF |
8 |
ivfluid |
33 |
17 |
|
|
LPR > 30 (n) |
29 |
88* |
||||||||||
|
SjO2 (%, 6 hr) |
100 |
78* |
||||||||||
|
ROSC (%) |
100 |
100 |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Riter [10] |
Survival (%, 1 hr) |
100 |
100 |
Pigs |
24 |
EC |
VF |
11 |
PFC-TLV |
35 |
22 |
|
|
ROSC (%) |
88 |
12* |
||||||||||
|
CoPP (mmHg) |
14 |
10 |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Shaffner [34] |
CBF (mL/100 g/min) |
10 |
5* |
Dogs |
12 |
EC |
VF |
6 |
Ice |
28 |
NA |
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Staffey [15] |
ROSC (%) |
82 |
27* |
Pigs |
33 |
EC |
VF |
11 |
PFC-TLV |
33 |
22 |
|
|
CoPP (mmHg) |
10 |
10 |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Sterz [6] |
Survival (%, 3 days) |
75 |
92 |
84 |
Dogs |
36 |
EC |
VF |
10 |
Cold iv fluids |
34 |
16 to 20 |
|
GNO (%, 3 days) |
50 |
8* |
41 |
External cooling |
||||||||
|
NDS (3 days) |
19 |
36* |
22 |
|||||||||
|
CPP (mmHg) |
55 |
50 |
51 |
|||||||||
|
ROSC (%) |
75 |
92 |
84 |
|||||||||
|
CoPP (mmHg) |
42 |
48 |
43 |
|||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Xiao [24] |
Survival (%, 3 days) |
100 |
100 |
100 |
Rats |
30 |
Asphyxia |
NA |
5 |
Ice water |
34 |
7 |
|
GNO (%, 3 days) |
100 |
40* |
80 |
|||||||||
|
NDS (3 days) |
1 |
20* |
12* |
|||||||||
|
ROSC (%) |
100 |
100 |
100 |
|||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Yannopoulos [13] |
ROSC (%) |
100 |
66* |
44 |
Pigs |
45 |
CVO |
VF |
5 |
Intravascular catheter |
33 |
20 |
|
CoPP (mmHg) |
21 |
21 |
20 |
|||||||||
|
LVEF (%) |
32 |
23* |
21* |
|||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Zhao [27] |
Survival (%, 7 days) |
53 |
0* |
Mice |
45 |
KCl |
NA |
8 |
Blankets |
30 |
10 to 11 |
|
|
GNO (%, 3 days) |
66 |
0* |
||||||||||
|
ROSC (%) |
93 |
80 |
||||||||||
|
dP/dtmax (mmHg/s) |
6000 |
3800* |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
SELECTIVE BRAIN COOLING |
||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Brader [26] |
Survival (24 hrs) |
33 |
0 |
Dogs |
12 |
EC |
VF |
4 |
Ice bags around the head |
36 |
24 |
|
|
NDS (24 hrs) |
37 |
62* |
||||||||||
|
ROSC (%) |
82 |
82 |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Cho [32] |
Survival (hrs) |
9.3 |
0.1* |
Pigs |
16 |
EC |
VF/PEA |
14 |
TNEC |
36 to 37 |
19 to 29 |
|
|
ROSC (%) |
75 |
12* |
||||||||||
|
CoPP (mmHg) |
25 |
14* |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Gelman [33] |
CPP (mmHg) |
26 |
25 |
Pigs |
14 |
EC |
VF |
6 |
Cooling cap placed around the head |
38 |
NA |
|
|
CBF (mL/100 g/min) |
16 |
18 |
||||||||||
|
CoPP (mmHg) |
16 |
18 |
||||||||||
|
MBF (mL/100 g/min) |
43 |
80* |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Guan [29] |
Survival (%, 4-days) |
100 |
29* |
86 |
Pigs |
24 |
EC |
VF |
10 |
TNEC |
34-35 |
15 to 25 |
|
NDS (4-days) |
0 |
400* |
0 |
|||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Hagioka [23] |
Survival (%, 7-days) |
100 |
100 |
Rats |
14 |
CVO |
VF |
5 |
NFC |
37 |
6 |
|
|
GNO (%, 7-days) |
100 |
100 |
||||||||||
|
CPP (mmHg) |
40 |
34 |
||||||||||
|
HDS |
33 |
71* |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Jeung [21] |
Survival (%, 3 days) |
72 |
72 |
Dogs |
14 |
EC |
VF |
9 |
CF |
35 |
12 to 15 |
|
|
NDS (3 days) |
18 |
42* |
||||||||||
|
ROSC (%) |
100 |
100 |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Tsai [30] |
Survival (%, 4 days) |
100 |
25* |
63 |
Pigs |
24 |
EC |
VF |
10 |
TNEC |
34 |
15 to 25 |
|
ROSC (%) |
100 |
88 |
88 |
|||||||||
|
CoPP (mmHg) |
21 |
18 |
20 |
|||||||||
|
LVEF (%) |
63 |
52* |
51* |
|||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Tsai [31] |
Survival (%, 4 days) |
100 |
29* |
Pigs |
16 |
EC |
VF |
10 |
TNEC |
34 |
15 to 25 |
|
|
NDS (%, 4 days) |
0 |
400* |
||||||||||
|
ROSC (%) |
100 |
88 |
||||||||||
|
CoPP (mmHg) |
21 |
18 |
||||||||||
|
LVEF (%) |
63 |
53* |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Wang [36] |
ROSC (%) |
87 |
25* |
Pigs |
16 |
EC |
VF |
15 |
TNEC |
34 |
20 to 30 |
|
|
CoPP (mmHg) |
25 |
16* |
||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||
|
CBF, cerebral blood flow; CF, carotid flush with cold saline fluids; CG, control group; CoPP, coronary perfusion pressure; CPP, cerebral perfusion pressure; CVO, coronary vascular occlusion; dP/dt, pressure/time ratio; EC, electrical current; GNO, good neurological outcome; HDS, histological deficit score; HT, hypothermia; IATH intra-arrest therapeutic hypothermia; KCl, potassium chloride; KT, catheter; LPR, lactate/pyruvate ratio; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction: MBF, myocardial blood flow; N, number; NA, not available; NDS, neurological deficit score; NFC, nasoparhyngeal cooling (saline); NT, normothermia; PATH, conventional (post-arrest) hypothermia; PFC-TLV, perfluorocarbon-based total liquid ventilation; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; SjO2, jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation; TNEC, trans-nasal evaporative cooling; VF, ventricular fibrillation; *, P < 0.05 vs. IATH |
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|
Scolletta et al. Critical Care 2012 16:R41 doi:10.1186/cc11235 |
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