Table 1 |
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Characteristics of the study population in various studies |
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|
Study, year |
Study design |
Population |
Disease severity Score |
Regimen used |
Route of administration/duration of intake |
|
|
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|
Barraud et al., 2010 [30] |
SC DBRCT |
General/all intubated adult patients under MV ≥ 48 hours |
SAPS II:58.6 ± 17.3 vs. 60.5 ± 19.6 |
Ergyphilus (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum) |
Enteral feeding tube/entire period of MV and additional days |
|
Besselink et al., 2008 [33] |
MC DBRCT |
Patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis |
APACHE II: 8.6 ± 4.4 vs. 8.4 ± 4.5 |
Ecologic 641 (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus salivarius,Lactococcus lactis, Bifi dobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium lactis) |
Nasojejunal tube/28 days |
|
Forestier et al., 2008 [31] |
SC RCT |
General/patients (>18 yrs) requiring MV > 48 hours |
SAPS II: 4 5± 16 vs. 44 ± 15 |
Lactobacillus caseirhamnosus |
Nasogastric or orogastric tube/until ICU discharge or death |
|
Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al., 2009 [23] |
MC DBRCT |
Surgical/severe multiple organ injuries necessitating emergency tracheal intubation and ventilation support |
APACHE II: 19.36 vs. 19.36 |
Synbiotic2000 FORTE (Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum) |
Nasogastric tube or through gastostomy/15 consecutive days post admission |
|
Kanazawa et al., 2005 [24] |
SC RCT |
Surgical/patients with biliary cancer, scheduled to undergo combined liver and extrahepatic bile duct resection with hepaticojejunostomy |
NA |
Yakult BL Seichōyaku (Bifidobacterium breveStrain Yakult, Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota) |
Intraoperative jejunal feeding catheter/14 days post-surgery |
|
Knight et al. 2009, [32] |
SC DBRCT |
General/patients (> 16yrs) requiring MV > 48 hours |
APACHE II: 17 (12-23) vs.17 (12-22) |
Synbiotic2000 FORTE (Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum) |
Nasogastric or orogastric tube/until 28 days after ICU admission, discharge or death |
|
Morrow et al., 2010 [22] |
SC DBRCT |
General/patients (> 19 yrs) requiring MV with an endotracheal tube for at least 72 hours |
APACHE II: 22.7 ± 7.5 (8-38) vs. 23.7 ± 8.0 (8-41) |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG |
Nasogastric tube/until extubation, tracheostomy placement, or death |
|
Rayes et al., 2002 [25] |
RCT |
Surgical/patients who were scheduled for major abdominal surgery |
NA |
Lactobacillus plantarum 299 and fibres |
Nasojejunal tube/7 days post-surgery |
|
Rayes et al., 2005 [26] |
DBRCT |
Surgical/patients scheduled for liver transplantation |
NA |
Synbiotic2000 FORTE (Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum) |
Nasojejunal tube/14 days post-surgery |
|
Rayes et al., 2007 [27] |
MC DBRCT |
Surgical/patients who were scheduled for pancreaticoduodenectomy |
NA |
Synbiotic2000 FORTE (Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum) |
Oral (pre-surgery) and nasojejunal tube (post-surgery)/1 day pre- to 8 days post-surgery |
|
Spindler- Vesel et al., 2009 [28] |
SC RCT |
Surgical/multiple injury patients requiring MV and at least 4 days stay in ICU |
APACHE II: 14 (12-19) vs. NA |
Synbiotic2000 FORTE (Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum) |
Intragastric tube/until ICU discharge or death |
|
Tan et al., 2011[29] |
SC RCT |
Surgical/patients with closed head injury only; admission within 24 hours after trauma (18 to 60 yrs) |
APACHE II: 14.8 ± 3.6 vs 14.8 ± 3.6 |
Golden Bifid (Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Streptococcus thermophilus) |
Nasogastric tube/21 consecutive days |
|
|
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|
APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; DB: double-blind; ICU: intensive care unit; MC: multicenter; MV: mechanical ventilation; NA: not available; RCT: randomized control trial; SAPS: Simplified Acute Physiology Score; SC: single-center. |
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Liu et al. Critical Care 2012 16:R109 doi:10.1186/cc11398 |
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