Research
Metformin attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury
1 GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens-Medical School, Ipsilandou 45-47, Athens, 106 75, Greece
2 Critical Care Department, Attikon Hospital, University of Athens-Medical School, Rimini 1, Haidari, Athens, 124 62, Greece
3 Department of Histopathology, Evangelismos Hospital, Ipsilandou 45-47, Athens, 106 75, Greece
4 First Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, "Evangelismos" Hospital, University of Athens-Medical School, Ipsilandou 45-47, Athens, 106 75, Greece
Critical Care 2012, 16:R134 doi:10.1186/cc11439
Published: 24 July 2012Abstract
Introduction
Diabetic patients may develop acute lung injury less often than non-diabetics; a fact that could be partially ascribed to the usage of antidiabetic drugs, including metformin. Metformin exhibits pleiotropic properties which make it potentially beneficial against lung injury. We hypothesized that pretreatment with metformin preserves alveolar capillary permeability and, thus, prevents ventilator-induced lung injury.
Methods
Twenty-four rabbits were randomly assigned to pretreatment with metformin (250 mg/Kg body weight/day per os) or no medication for two days. Explanted lungs were perfused at constant flow rate (300 mL/min) and ventilated with injurious (peak airway pressure 23 cmH2O, tidal volume ≈17 mL/Kg) or protective (peak airway pressure 11 cmH2O, tidal volume ≈7 mL/Kg) settings for 1 hour. Alveolar capillary permeability was assessed by ultrafiltration coefficient, total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in BALF.
Results
High-pressure ventilation of the ex-vivo lung preparation resulted in increased microvascular permeability, edema formation and microhemorrhage compared to protective ventilation. Compared to no medication, pretreatment with metformin was associated with a 2.9-fold reduction in ultrafiltration coefficient, a 2.5-fold reduction in pulmonary edema formation, lower protein concentration in BALF, lower ACE activity in BALF, and fewer histological lesions upon challenge of the lung preparation with injurious ventilation. In contrast, no differences regarding pulmonary artery pressure and BALF total cell number were noted. Administration of metformin did not impact on outcomes of lungs subjected to protective ventilation.
Conclusions
Pretreatment with metformin preserves alveolar capillary permeability and, thus, decreases the severity of ventilator-induced lung injury in this model.
