Donald B Chalfin1, David Crippen2
, Cory Franklin1, David F Kelly3, Jack K Kilcullen4, Stephen Streat5, Robert D Truog6 and Leslie M Whetstine3
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
2St Francis Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, USA
3Department of Medical Ethics, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, USA
4Department of Critical Care, Montifiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
5Department of Critical Care Medicine, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
6MICU, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA