Table 1

Common signs and symptoms of excessive stress

Cognitive
Emotional
Behavioral
Physical

Confusion
Anger
Changes in eating
Tachycardia
Disorientation
Grief
Sleep disorders
Tachypnea
Attention deficits
Depression
Decreased personal hygiene
Dizzy spells
Difficulty making decisions
Hopelessness
Withdrawal from others
Hypertension
Memory loss
Helplessness
Prolonged silences
Excessive sweating
Nightmares
Feeling overwhelmed
Panic attacks
Dazed or numb appearance

Hammond and Brooks Critical Care 2001 5:315   doi:10.1186/cc1059