|
Measuring tissue oxygenation |
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| Monitor |
Method |
Variables |
Global/regional |
Invasive/non-invasive |
|
|
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| Systemic oxygenation |
Pulmonary artery catheter |
VO2/DO2/ERO2 |
Global |
Invasive |
| Mixed venous O2 saturation |
Pulmonary artery catheter–blood gas analyses |
SVO2 |
Global |
Invasive |
| Lactate |
Laboratory–enzymatic testing |
Lactate |
Global |
Invasive |
| Gastrointestinal tonometry |
Measurement of pCO2 in an air-filled or saline-filled balloon |
prCO2/pCO2 gap, pHi |
Regional |
Minimally invasive |
| Near-infrared spectroscopy |
Absorbance analysis of near-infrared light |
Hb/O2Hb, cytochrome aa3 |
Regional |
Non-invasive |
| Oxygen electrodes |
Polarographic probes |
pO2 |
Regional |
Minimally invasive |
|
DO2, oxygen delivery; ERO2, oxygen extraction ratio; Hb/O2Hb, deoxygenated/oxygenated hemoglobin; pCO2 gap, arterial-to-intramucosal partial pressure of carbon dioxide difference; pHi, gastric intramucosal pH; pO2, partial pressure of oxygen; prCO2, regional gastric carbon dioxide tension; SvO2, mixed venous oxygen saturation; VO2, oxygen consumption. | ||||
Boldt Critical Care 2002 6:52 doi:10.1186/cc1453 |
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