Table 1

Factors that affect sample size calculations

Factor
Magnitude
Impact on identification of effect
Required sample size

P value
Small
Stringent criterion; difficult to achieve 'significance'
Large

Large
Relaxed criterion; 'significance' easier to attain
Small
Power
Low
Identification unlikely
Small

High
Identification more probable
Large
Effect
Small
Difficult to identify
Large

Large
Easy to identify
Small

Whitley and Ball Critical Care 2002 6:335   doi:10.1186/cc1521