Figure 1.

Oxygen-sensing proposed mechanisms for the regulation of gene transcription and the involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) as a hypoxia-mediated transcriptional activity (see text for further details). AA, arachidonic acid; ARNT, aryl receptor hydrocarbon nuclear translocator; CREB, cAMP-responsive element binding protein; CBP, CREB-binding protein; DAG, diacyl glycerol; ECF, extracellular fluid; ICF, intracellularfluid; IP₃, inositol triphosphate; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NADP, nicotinamide dinucleotide oxidized; NADPH, nicotinamide dinucleotide reduced; PKC, protein kinase C; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SAPK, stress-activated protein kinase.