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Main anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids |
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| Anti-inflammatory effect |
Details |
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| Proinflammatory cytokine production |
Inhibition of IL-2, IL-3, IL-4(?), IL-5, IFN-γ, GM-CSF synthesis by T lymphocytes |
| Inhibition of IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, MIF synthesis by macrophages/monocytes |
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| Inhibition of IL-8 synthesis by neutrophils |
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| Anti-inflammatory cytokine production |
Increase in IL-10, TGF-β, IL-1 receptor antagonist synthesis |
| Inflammatory cell migration |
Inhibition of chemokine production (MCP-1, IL-8, MIP-1α) |
| Stimulation of MIF and lipocortine-1 production by macrophages |
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| Inflammation mediator expression |
Inhibition of soluble PLA2, inducible COX-2 and inducible NOS synthesis |
| Cell membrane markers expression |
Inhibition of CD14 expression on macrophages/monocytes |
| Inhibition of adhesion molecule expression (ICAM-1, ECAM-1, LFA-1, CD2) on endothelial cells |
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| Apoptosis |
Activation of eosinophils and mature T lymphocyte apoptosis |
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COX, cylo-oxygenase; ECAM, endothelial cell adhesion molecule; GM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor; ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; LFA, leucocyte function associated antigen; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIF, migration inhibitory factor; MIP, macrophage inflammatory peptide; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; PL, phospholipase; TGF, transforming growth factor; TNF, tumour necrosis factor. | |
Prigent et al. Critical Care 2004 8:122 doi:10.1186/cc2374 |
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