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Principles that should guide the development and study of animal models of acute renal failure |
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| General principles that must be applied to design of animal model |
Additional issues that must be considered to optimize the model |
| Proper randomization of animals |
Models should be chosen on the basis of their relevance to the clinical situation, and not merely by the reproducibility of the model |
| Similar baseline characteristics of the experimental groups |
Physiological parameters known to affect kidney function or susceptibility to injury should be controlled for, measured and reported (temperature, blood pressure, fluid status, type of anaesthesia, etc.) |
| Concurrent appropriate controls |
Appropriate preparation of tissue for valid pathological interpretation |
| Blinded assessment of outcome |
Fundamental requirements for a model should include morphology, haemodynamics and function |
| Consideration and reporting of mortality |
Outcomes should be measures at multiple time points |
| Numbers of animals studied should be appropriate to reproducibility of outcome measure |
Noninvasive biomarkers for renal parenchymal cell injury should be developed |
| Models should be created that explicitly address comorbidities that are believed to predispose to acute renal failure and outcome in humans |
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| Experimental observations should be reproduced in other laboratories before they are generally accepted |
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Bellomo et al. Critical Care 2004 8:R204 doi:10.1186/cc2872 |
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