References

  1. Vincent JL, Baron JF, Reinhart K, Gattinoni L, Thijs L, Webb A, Meier-Hellmann A, Nollet G, Peres-Bota D: Anemia and blood transfusion in critically ill patients.

    JAMA 2002, 288:1499-1507. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  2. Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Pearl RG, Fink MP, Levy MM, Abraham E, MacIntyre NR, Shabot M, Duh MS, Shapiro MJ: The CRIT study: anemia and blood transfusion in the critically ill – current clinical practice in the United States.

    Crit Care Med 2004, 32:39-52. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  3. von Ahsen N, Müller C, Serke S, Frei U, Eckardt KU: Important role of nondiagnostic blood loss and blunted erythropoietic response in the anemia of medical intensive care patients.

    Crit Care Med 1999, 27:2630-2639. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  4. Ba VN, Bota DP, Mélot C, Vincent J: Time course of hemoglobin concentrations in non bleeding intensive care unit patients.

    Crit Care Med 2003, 31:406-410. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  5. Means RT: Recent developments in the anemia of chronic disease.

    Curr Hematol Rep 2003, 2:116-121. PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  6. Means RT: The anemia of chronic disorders.

    In Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology (Edited by: Lee GR, Foerster J, Lukens J, Paraskevas F, Greer JP, Rodgers GM). Baltimore, Maryland: Williams & Wilkins 1999, 1011-1021. OpenURL

  7. Sears DA: Anemia of chronic disease.

    Med Clin North Am 1992, 76:567-579. PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  8. Adamson JW: Iron deficiency and other hypoproliferative anemias.

    In Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (Edited by: Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL). New York: McGraw-Hill 2001, 660-666. OpenURL

  9. Jurado RL: Iron, infections, and anemia of inflammation.

    Clin Infect Dis 1997, 25:888-895. PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  10. Hillman RS: Iron deficiency and other hypoproliferative anemias.

    In Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (Edited by: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL). New York: McGraw-Hill 1998, 638-645. OpenURL

  11. Hébert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, Marshall J, Martin C, Pagliarello G, Tweeddale M, Scheitzer I, Yetisir E: A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirement in critical care.

    N Engl J Med 1999, 340:409-417. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  12. Darveau M, Notebaert E, Denault AY, Bélisle S: Recombinant human erythropoietin use in intensive care.

    Ann Pharmacother 2002, 36:1068-1074. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  13. Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Pearl RG, Fink MP, Levy MM, Shapiro MJ, Corwin MJ, Colton T: Efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin in critically ill patients.

    JAMA 2002, 288:2827-2835. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  14. Ganz T: Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism and mediator of anemia of inflammation.

    Blood 2003, 102:783-788. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  15. Oppenheimer SJ: Iron and its relation to immunity and infectious disease.

    J Nutr 2001, 131:S616-S635. OpenURL

  16. Patruta SI, Edlinger R, Sunder-Plassman G, Hörl WH: Neutrophil impairment associated with iron therapy in hemodialysis patients with functional iron deficiency.

    J Am Soc Nephrol 1998, 9:655-663. PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  17. Marshall JC: Inflammation, coagulopathy, and the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

    Crit Care Med 2001, 29:S99-S106. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  18. Bobbio-Pallavicini F, Verde G, Spriano P, Losi R, Bosatra MG, Iotti G, Chiranda M, Villa S: Body iron status in critically ill patients: significance of serum ferritin.

    Int Care Med 1989, 15:171-178. OpenURL

  19. Rodriguez RM, Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Corwin MJ, Gubler D, Pearl RG: Nutritional deficiencies and blunted erythropoietin response as causes of the anemia of critical illness.

    J Crit Care 2001, 16:36-41. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  20. Hobisch-Hagen P, Wiedermann F, Mayr A, Fries D, Jelkmann W, Fuchs D, Hasibeder W, Mutz N, Klinger A, Schobersberger W: Blunted erythropoietic response to anemia in multiply traumatized patients.

    Crit Care Med 2001, 29:743-747. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  21. Patteril MV, Davey-Quinn AP, Gedney JA, Murdoch SD, Bellamy MC: Functional iron deficiency, infection and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in critical illness.

    Anaesth Intensive Care 2001, 29:473-478. PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  22. Elliot JM, Virankabutra T, Jones S, Tanudsintum S, Lipkin G, Todd S, Bion J: Erythropoietin mimics the acute phase response in critical illness.

    Crit Care 2003, 7:R35-R40. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text OpenURL

  23. Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Rodriguez RM, Pearl RG, Gubler KD, Enny C, Colton T, Corwin MJ: Efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin in the critically ill patient: a randomized, doubled-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

    Crit Care Med 1999, 27:2346-2350. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  24. van Iperen CE, Gaillard CA, Kraaijenhagen RJ, Braam BG, Marx JJ, van de Wiel A: Response of erythropoiesis and iron metabolism to recombinant human erythropoietin in intensive care unit patients.

    Crit Care Med 2000, 28:2773-2778. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  25. Goodnough LT, Skikne B, Brugnara C: Erythropoietin, iron, and erythropoiesis.

    Blood 2000, 96:823-833. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  26. Kaltwasser JP, Kessler U, Gottschalk R, Stucki G, Möller B: Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin and intravenous iron on anemia and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

    J Rheumatol 2001, 28:2430-2436. PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  27. Gasché C, Dejaco C, Waldhoer T, Tillinger W, Reinisch W, Fueger GF, Gangl A, Lochs H: Intravenous iron and erythropoietin for anemia associated with Crohn disease.

    Ann Intern Med 1997, 126:782-787. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  28. Fishbane S: Review of issues relating to iron and infection.

    Am J Kidney Dis 1999, 34:S47-S52. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL

  29. Hoen B, Paul-Dauphin A, Hestin D, Kessler M: EPIBACDIAL: a multicenter prospective study of risk factors for bacteremia in chronic hemodialysis patients.

    J Am Soc Nephrol 1998, 9:869-876. PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  30. Hoen B, Paul-Dauphin A, Kessler M: Intravenous iron administration does not significantly increase the risk of bacteremia in chronic hemodialysis patients.

    Clin Nephrol 2002, 57:457-461. PubMed Abstract OpenURL

  31. Brugnara C: Iron deficiency and erythropoiesis: new diagnosis approaches.

    Clin Chem 2003, 49:1573-1578. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text OpenURL