Table 1

Classification of hemorrhage

Class

Parameter

I

II

III

IV

Blood loss (ml)

<750

750–1500

1500–2000

>2000

Blood loss (%)

<15%

15–30%

30–40%

>40%

Pulse rate (beats/min)

<100

>100

>120

>140

Blood pressure

Normal

Decreased

Decreased

Decreased

Respiratory rate (breaths/min)

14–20

20–30

30–40

>35

Urine output (ml/hour)

>30

20–30

5–15

Negligible

CNS symptoms

Normal

Anxious

Confused

Lethargic

Modified from Committee on Trauma [4]. CNS = central nervous system.

Gutierrez et al. Critical Care 2004 8:373   doi:10.1186/cc2851