Table 2

Common causes of hemorrhagic shock

Cause
Examples (where applicable)

Antithrombotic therapy

Coagulopathies

Gastrointestinal bleeding
Esophageal varices

Esophagogastric mucosal tear (Mallory–Weiss)

Gastritis

Gastric and duodenal ulcerations

Gastric and esophageal cancer

Colon cancer

Colonic diverticula
Obstetric/gynecologic
Placenta previa

Abruptio placentae

Ruptured ectopic pregnancy

Ruptured ovarian cyst
Pulmonary
Pulmonary embolus

Lung cancer

Cavitary lung disease: tuberculosis, aspergillosis

Goodpasture's syndrome
Ruptured aneurysms

Retroperitoneal bleeding

Trauma
Lacerations

Penetrating wounds to the abdomen and chest

Ruptured major vessels

Gutierrez et al. Critical Care 2004 8:373   doi:10.1186/cc2851