Table 2

Common causes of hemorrhagic shock

Cause

Examples (where applicable)


Antithrombotic therapy

Coagulopathies

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Esophageal varices

Esophagogastric mucosal tear (Mallory–Weiss)

Gastritis

Gastric and duodenal ulcerations

Gastric and esophageal cancer

Colon cancer

Colonic diverticula

Obstetric/gynecologic

Placenta previa

Abruptio placentae

Ruptured ectopic pregnancy

Ruptured ovarian cyst

Pulmonary

Pulmonary embolus

Lung cancer

Cavitary lung disease: tuberculosis, aspergillosis

Goodpasture's syndrome

Ruptured aneurysms

Retroperitoneal bleeding

Trauma

Lacerations

Penetrating wounds to the abdomen and chest

Ruptured major vessels


Gutierrez et al. Critical Care 2004 8:373   doi:10.1186/cc2851