Daily enteral feeding practice on the ICU: attainment of goals and interfering factors

JM Binnekade¹ , R Tepaske² , P Bruynzeel³ , EMH Mathus-Vliegen⁴ and RJ de Haan⁵

¹Research Nurse, Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

²Intensivist, Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

³Dietician, Department of Dietetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

⁴Gastroenterologist, Department of Gastroenterology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

⁵Clinical Epidemiologist, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

author email corresponding author email

Critical Care 2005, 9:R218-R225doi:10.1186/cc3504


Published:	22 March 2005

Abstract

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the daily feeding practice of enterally fed patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) and to study the impact of preset factors in reaching predefined optimal nutritional goals.

Methods

The feeding practice of all ICU patients receiving enteral nutrition for at least 48 hours was recorded during a 1-year period. Actual intake was expressed as the percentage of the prescribed volume of formula (a success is defined as 90% or more). Prescribed volume (optimal intake) was guided by protocol but adjusted to individual patient conditions by the intensivist. The potential barriers to the success of feeding were assessed by multivariate analysis.

Results

Four-hundred-and-three eligible patients had a total of 3,526 records of feeding days. The desired intake was successful in 52% (1,842 of 3,526) of feeding days. The percentage of successful feeding days increased from 39% (124 of 316) on day 1 to 51% (112 of 218) on day 5. Average ideal protein intake was 54% (95% confidence interval (CI) 52 to 55), energy intake was 66% (95% CI 65 to 68) and volume 75% (95% CI 74 to 76). Factors impeding successful nutrition were the use of the feeding tube to deliver contrast, the need for prokinetic drugs, a high Therapeutic Intervention Score System category and elective admissions.

Conclusion

The records revealed an unsatisfactory feeding process. A better use of relative successful volume intake, namely increasing the energy and protein density, could enhance the nutritional yield. Factors such as an improper use of tubes and feeding intolerance were related to failure. Meticulous recording of intake and interfering factors helps to uncover inadequacies in ICU feeding practice.