References
- American College of Chest Physicians/ Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Committee: Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis.
Chest 1992, 101:1658-1662. 
- Schreuder WO, Schneider AJ, Groeneveld ABJ, Thijs LG: Effect of dopamine vs norepinephrine on hemodynamics in septic shock.
Chest 1989, 95:1282-1288. PubMed Abstract 
- Martin C, Papazian L, Perrin G, Gouin F: Norepinephrine or dopamine for the treatment of hyperdynamic septic shock?
Chest 1993, 103:1826-1831. PubMed Abstract 
- Desjars P, Pinaud M, Potel G, Tasseau F, Touze MD: A reappraisal of norepinephrine therapy in human septic shock.
Crit Care Med 1987, 15:134-137. PubMed Abstract 
- Moran JL, O'Fathartaigh M, Peisach AR, Chapman MJ, Leppard P: Epinephrine as an inotropic agent in septic shock: A dose profile analysis.
Crit Care Med 1993, 21:70-77. PubMed Abstract 
- Pawlik W, Sheperd AP, Jacobson ED: Effect of vasoactive agents on intestinal oxygen consumption and blood flow in dogs.
J Clin Invest 1975, 56:484-490. PubMed Abstract 
- Sheperd AP, Pawlik W, Mailman D, Burks TF, Jacobson ED: Effects of vasoconstrictors on intestinal vascular resistance and oxygen extraction.
Am J Physiol 1976, 230:298-303. PubMed Abstract 
- Gombos EA, Hulet WH, Bopp P, Cohn JN: Reactivity of renal and systemic circulations to vasoconstrictor agents in normotensive and hypertensive subjects.
J Clin Invest 1962, 41:203-207. PubMed Abstract 
- Mills LC, Moyer JH, Handley CA: Effects of various sympathomimetic drugs on renal hemodynamics in normotensive and hypotensive dogs.
Am J Physiol 1960, 198:1279-1285. PubMed Abstract 
- Richer M, Robert S, Lebel M: Renal hemodynamics during norepinephrine and low-dose dopamine infusions in man.
Crit Care Med 1996, 24:1150-1156. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 
- Deitch EA, Winterton J, Bey R: The gut as the portal of entry for bacteremia.
Ann Surg 1987, 205:681-692. PubMed Abstract 
- Schott CA, Gray GA, Stoclet JC: Dependence of endotoxin-induced vascular hyporeactivity on extracellular L-arginine.
Br J Pharmacol 1993, 108:38-43. PubMed Abstract 
- Kilbourn RG, Gross SS, Jubran A, Griffith DW, Levi R, Adams J, Lodato RF: N-methyl-L-arginine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced hypotension: Implications for the involvement of nitric oxide.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990, 87:3629-3632. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text 
- Vallet B, Lund N, Curtis SE, Kelly D, Cain SM: Gut and muscle tissue PO2 in endotoxemic dogs during shock and resuscitation.
J Appl Physiol 1994, 76:793-800. PubMed Abstract 
- Cronin RE, De Torrente A, Miller PD, Bulger RE, Burke TJ, Schrier RW: Pathogenic mechanisms in early norepinephrine-induced acute renal failure: functional and histological correlates of protection.
Kidney Int 1978, 14:115-125. PubMed Abstract 
- Cronin R, Erickson AM, De Torrente A, McDonald KM, Schrier RW: Norepinephrine-induced acute renal failure: a reversible ischemic model of acute renal failure.
Kidney Int 1978, 14:187-190. PubMed Abstract 
- Schaer GL, Fink MP, Parrillo JE: Norepinephrine alone versus norepinephrine plus low-dose dopamine: enhanced renal blood flow with combination pressor therapy.
Crit Care Med 1985, 13:492-496. PubMed Abstract 
- Anderson WP, Korner PI, Selig SE: Mechanisms involved in the renal responses to intravenous and renal artery infusions of noradrenaline in conscious dogs.
J Physiol 1981, 321:21-30. PubMed Abstract 
- Korner PI, Dorward PK, Blombery PA, Frean GJ: Central nervous beta-adrenoreceptors and their role in the cardiovascular action of propranolol in rabbits.
Circ Res 1967, 20:676-685. PubMed Abstract 
- Zhang H, Smail N, Cabral A, Rogiers P, Vincent J-L: Effects of norepinephrine on regional blood flow and oxygen extraction capabilities during endotoxic shock.
Am J Resp Crit Care Med 1997, 155:1965-1971. PubMed Abstract 
- Bersten AD, Rutten AJ: Renovascular interaction of epinephrine, dopamine, and intraperitoneal sepsis.
Crit Care Med 1995, 23:537-544. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 
- Bersten AD, Rutten AJ, Summersides G, Ilsley AH: Epinephrine infusion in the sheep: systemic and renal hemodynamic effects.
Crit Care Med 1994, 22:994-1001. PubMed Abstract 
- Bellomo R, Kellum JA, Wisniewski SR, Pinsky MR: Effects of norepinephrine on the renal vasculature in normal and endotoxemic dogs.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999, 159:1186-1192. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 
- Hesselvik JF, Brodin B: Low dose norepinephrine in patients with septic shock and oliguria: effects on afterload, urine flow, and oxygen transport.
Crit Care Med 1989, 17:179-180. PubMed Abstract 
- Meadows D, Edwards JD, Wilkins RG, Nightingale P: Reversal of intractable septic shock with norepinephrine therapy.
Crit Care Med 1988, 16:663-666. PubMed Abstract 
- Martin C, Eon B, Saux P, Aknin P, Gouin F: Renal effects of norepinephrine used to treat septic shock patients.
Crit Care Med 1990, 18:282-285. PubMed Abstract 
- Desjars P, Pinaud M, Bugnon D, Tasseau F: Norepinephrine therapy has no deleterious renal effects in human septic shock.
Crit Care Med 1990, 18:1048-1049. 
- Rudis MI, Basha MA, Zarowitz BJ: Is it time to reposition vasopressors and inotropes in sepsis?
Crit Care Med 1996, 24:525-537. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 
- Redl-Wenzel EM, Armbruster C, Edelmann G, Fischl E, Kolacny M, Wechser-Fördös A, Sporn P: The effects of norepinephrine on hemodynamics and renal function in severe septic shock states.
Intensive Care Med 1993, 19:151-154. PubMed Abstract 
- Bellomo R, Ronco C: The use of inotropic and vasopressor agents in patients at risk of renal dysfunction.
In Critical Care Nephrology. Edited by Ronco C, Bellomo R. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1998, 1133-1138. 
- Martin C, Viviand X, Leone M, Thirion X: Effect of norepinephrine on the outcome of septic shock.
Crit Care Med 2000, 28:2758-2765. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 
|